Quick Start Guide for I2S - Basic

In this use case, the I²S will be used to generate Master Clock (MCK), Serial Clock (SCK), Frame Sync (FS), and Serial Data (SD) signals.

Here MCK is set to the half of processor clock. SCK is set to a quarter of the frequency of processor. FS generates half-half square wave for left and right audio channel data. The output serial data of channels toggle from two values to generate square wave, if codec or DAC is connected.

The I²S module will be set up as follows:

• GCLK generator 0 (GCLK main) clock source
• MCK, SCK, and FS clocks outputs are enabled
• MCK output divider set to 2
• SCK generation divider set to 4
• Each frame will contain two 32-bit slots
• Data will be left adjusted and start transmit without delay

Quick Start

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites for this use case.

Code

Add to the main application source file, before any functions:

#define CONF_I2S_MODULE      I2S

#define CONF_I2S_MCK_PIN     PIN_PA09G_I2S_MCK0

#define CONF_I2S_MCK_MUX     MUX_PA09G_I2S_MCK0

#define CONF_I2S_SCK_PIN     PIN_PA10G_I2S_SCK0

#define CONF_I2S_SCK_MUX     MUX_PA10G_I2S_SCK0

#define CONF_I2S_FS_PIN      PIN_PA11G_I2S_FS0

#define CONF_I2S_FS_MUX      MUX_PA11G_I2S_FS0

#define CONF_I2S_SD_PIN      PIN_PA07G_I2S_SD0

#define CONF_I2S_SD_MUX      MUX_PA07G_I2S_SD0

Add to the main application source file, outside of any functions:

struct i2s_module i2s_instance;

Copy-paste the following setup code to your user application:

static void _configure_i2s(void)
{
    i2s_init(&i2s_instance, CONF_I2S_MODULE);

    struct i2s_clock_unit_config config_clock_unit;
    i2s_clock_unit_get_config_defaults(&config_clock_unit);

    config_clock_unit.clock.gclk_src = GCLK_GENERATOR_0;

    config_clock_unit.clock.mck_src = I2S_MASTER_CLOCK_SOURCE_GCLK;
    config_clock_unit.clock.mck_out_enable = true;
    config_clock_unit.clock.mck_out_div = 2;

    config_clock_unit.clock.sck_src = I2S_SERIAL_CLOCK_SOURCE_MCKDIV;
    config_clock_unit.clock.sck_div = 4;

    config_clock_unit.frame.number_slots = 2;
    config_clock_unit.frame.slot_size = I2S_SLOT_SIZE_32_BIT;
    config_clock_unit.frame.data_delay = I2S_DATA_DELAY_0;

    config_clock_unit.frame.frame_sync.source = I2S_FRAME_SYNC_SOURCE_SCKDIV;
    config_clock_unit.frame.frame_sync.width = I2S_FRAME_SYNC_WIDTH_HALF_FRAME;

    config_clock_unit.mck_pin.enable = true;
    config_clock_unit.mck_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_MCK_PIN;
    config_clock_unit.mck_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_MCK_MUX;

    config_clock_unit.sck_pin.enable = true;
    config_clock_unit.sck_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_SCK_PIN;
    config_clock_unit.sck_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_SCK_MUX;

    config_clock_unit.fs_pin.enable = true;
    config_clock_unit.fs_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_FS_PIN;
    config_clock_unit.fs_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_FS_MUX;

    i2s_clock_unit_set_config(&i2s_instance, I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0,
            &config_clock_unit);

    struct i2s_serializer_config config_serializer;
    i2s_serializer_get_config_defaults(&config_serializer);

    config_serializer.clock_unit = I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0;
    config_serializer.mode = I2S_SERIALIZER_TRANSMIT;
    config_serializer.data_size = I2S_DATA_SIZE_16BIT;

    config_serializer.data_pin.enable = true;
    config_serializer.data_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_SD_PIN;
    config_serializer.data_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_SD_MUX;

    i2s_serializer_set_config(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0,
            &config_serializer);

    i2s_enable(&i2s_instance);
    i2s_clock_unit_enable(&i2s_instance, I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0);
    i2s_serializer_enable(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0);
}

Add to user application initialization (typically the start of main()):

    _configure_i2s();

Workflow

1. Create a module software instance structure for the I²S module to store the I²S driver state while it is in use.

   struct i2s_module i2s_instance;

   Note

   This should never go out of scope as long as the module is in use. In most cases, this should be global.

2. Configure the I²S module.
   1. Initialize the I²S module.

          i2s_init(&i2s_instance, CONF_I2S_MODULE);

   2. Initialize the I²S Clock Unit.
      1. Create a I²S Clock Unit configuration struct, which can be filled out to adjust the configuration of a physical I²S Clock Unit.

             struct i2s_clock_unit_config config_clock_unit;

      2. Initialize the I²S Clock Unit configuration struct with the module's default values.

             i2s_clock_unit_get_config_defaults(&config_clock_unit);

         Note

         This should always be performed before using the configuration struct to ensure that all values are initialized to known default settings.

      3. Alter the I²S Clock Unit settings to configure the general clock source, MCK, SCK, and FS generation.

             config_clock_unit.clock.gclk_src = GCLK_GENERATOR_0;
         
             config_clock_unit.clock.mck_src = I2S_MASTER_CLOCK_SOURCE_GCLK;
             config_clock_unit.clock.mck_out_enable = true;
             config_clock_unit.clock.mck_out_div = 2;
         
             config_clock_unit.clock.sck_src = I2S_SERIAL_CLOCK_SOURCE_MCKDIV;
             config_clock_unit.clock.sck_div = 4;
         
             config_clock_unit.frame.number_slots = 2;
             config_clock_unit.frame.slot_size = I2S_SLOT_SIZE_32_BIT;
             config_clock_unit.frame.data_delay = I2S_DATA_DELAY_0;
         
             config_clock_unit.frame.frame_sync.source = I2S_FRAME_SYNC_SOURCE_SCKDIV;
             config_clock_unit.frame.frame_sync.width = I2S_FRAME_SYNC_WIDTH_HALF_FRAME;

      4. Alter the I²S Clock Unit settings to configure the MCK, SCK, and FS output on physical device pins.

             config_clock_unit.mck_pin.enable = true;
             config_clock_unit.mck_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_MCK_PIN;
             config_clock_unit.mck_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_MCK_MUX;
         
             config_clock_unit.sck_pin.enable = true;
             config_clock_unit.sck_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_SCK_PIN;
             config_clock_unit.sck_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_SCK_MUX;
         
             config_clock_unit.fs_pin.enable = true;
             config_clock_unit.fs_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_FS_PIN;
             config_clock_unit.fs_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_FS_MUX;

      5. Configure the I²S Clock Unit with the desired settings.

             i2s_clock_unit_set_config(&i2s_instance, I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0,
                     &config_clock_unit);

   3. Initialize the I²S Serializer.
      1. Create a I²S Serializer configuration struct, which can be filled out to adjust the configuration of a physical I²S Serializer.

             struct i2s_serializer_config config_serializer;

      2. Initialize the I²S Serializer configuration struct with the module's default values.

             i2s_serializer_get_config_defaults(&config_serializer);

         Note

         This should always be performed before using the configuration struct to ensure that all values are initialized to known default settings.

      3. Alter the I²S Serializer settings to configure the serial data generation.

             config_serializer.clock_unit = I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0;
             config_serializer.mode = I2S_SERIALIZER_TRANSMIT;
             config_serializer.data_size = I2S_DATA_SIZE_16BIT;

      4. Alter the I²S Serializer settings to configure the SD on a physical device pin.

             config_serializer.data_pin.enable = true;
             config_serializer.data_pin.gpio = CONF_I2S_SD_PIN;
             config_serializer.data_pin.mux = CONF_I2S_SD_MUX;

      5. Configure the I²S Serializer with the desired settings.

             i2s_serializer_set_config(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0,
                     &config_serializer);

   4. Enable the I²S module, the Clock Unit, and Serializer to start the clocks and ready to transmit data.

          i2s_enable(&i2s_instance);
          i2s_clock_unit_enable(&i2s_instance, I2S_CLOCK_UNIT_0);
          i2s_serializer_enable(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0);

Use Case

Code

Copy-paste the following code to your user application:

    while (true) {
        /* Infinite loop */
        i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0xF87F);
        i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0x901F);
        i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0);
        i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0);
    }

Workflow

1. Enter an infinite loop to output data sequence via the I²S Serializer.

       while (true) {
           /* Infinite loop */
           i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0xF87F);
           i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0x901F);
           i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0);
           i2s_serializer_write_wait(&i2s_instance, I2S_SERIALIZER_0, 0);
       }